Weiland married Janina Castaneda on September 17, 1994, but the couple divorced in 2000. He married model Mary Forsberg on May 20, 2000. They have two young children, Noah (born 2000) and Lucy (born 2002).

Weiland suffers from bipolar disorder, yet according to an interview with VH1.com, he isn't under medication, consequently suffering from mood swings.

Weiland had a brief friendship with Courtney Love around 1998, and admitted they used drugs together.

Weiland is a Notre Dame football fan, as his father is an alumnus. In September 2006, Weiland performed at the University of Notre Dame's Legends Restaurant on the night before a football game. He sang several of his solo songs, as well as "Interstate Love Song" and a cover of Pink Floyd's "Wish You Were Here."

Weiland's younger brother Michael died of a drug overdose. The Velvet Revolver songs "For a Brother" and "Pills, Demons, & Etc" from the album Libertad are about Michael.